Slide 3

2.2. Types of Building Inspections — By Project Phase

Construction projects, no matter the size, typically involve three broad types of inspections: pre-construction inspection, in-progress inspection, and final or post-construction inspection. 2.2.1. Pre-construction inspection: Inspections typically performed during due diligence, before purchase/refinance, or prior to starting new construction/alterations (e.g., assessing existing conditions). Before a project begins, the inspector will examine the elements of the building to determine if it is suitable for renovation or construction. The inspector will look for structural deficiencies, safety hazards, or existing code violations that must be addressed before construction can proceed. Property Condition Assessment (ASTM E2018-24) – PCA falls into this category: This is a baseline due-diligence assessment of an existing property’s physical condition, commonly performed before acquisition, refinancing, or major alterations.   2.2.2. In-progress inspection: Construction inspectors will periodically visit the site throughout the project to verify that each element adheres to the contract specifications and local codes. They will examine the materials used and inspect any plumbing, electrical, or ventilation installations for accuracy. This category includes:

• Construction Phase Special Inspections (Building Code Chapter 17)
• Construction Phase Inspections (IBC Chapter 1)
• NYC Progress Inspections (TR-Series Forms)
• Investigation and Testing (Code-Referenced Methods)

  2.2.3. Final or post-construction inspection: The inspector will review the completed project and compile a detailed report of findings. This inspection aims to identify deficiencies or safety hazards that need attention before the building is occupied. Also includes periodic or mandated inspections on existing buildings for ongoing safety, maintenance, and compliance. This category includes:

• Facade Inspection & Safety Program (FISP – Local Law 11)
• Parapet Safety Inspections (Local Law 126 / DOB Rules)
• Gas Piping System Inspections (Local Law 152)
• Cooling Tower Inspections (Local Law 77)
• Energy and Building Performance Audits (Local Law 87 and related laws)

  Slide 4

2.3. Types of Building Inspections — By System or Component (New Construction Focus)

2.3.1. Foundation Inspection This is generally conducted after excavation of the ground is complete and before concrete is poured for the foundation. This type of inspection is important when it comes to ensuring that all water lines, drain lines, plumbing and other supply lines are correctly positioned and installed before a foundation is poured. 2.3.2. Structural Inspection Another critical type of inspection that should be performed during the construction process is the structural inspection. This type of inspection is typically done after the bracing, floors, roofing and all other framing components are in place. The purpose of this inspection is to make sure that the building itself is structurally sound according to the design specifications, building type and local codes/ordinances. 2.3.3. Electrical wiring and systems Electrical systems are critical to a home’s safety and functionality. An electrical inspection checks the wiring, outlets, circuits, and electrical panels to ensure they are safe and up to code. If your home is older, it’s especially important to have the electrical systems inspected regularly to prevent hazards like fires or electrocution.   In newer homes, electrical inspections are also done during construction to ensure the installation meets safety standards. 2.3.4. Plumbing lines, fixtures, and connectors A plumbing inspection looks at the entire water and drainage system of a home, including pipes, faucets, water heaters, and sewage systems. This inspection helps identify leaks, corrosion, blockages, or outdated components that could lead to bigger problems later on. A thorough plumbing inspection is crucial for both older homes and newly constructed properties.   2.3.5. HVAC systems To assess the efficiency and safety of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units.   2.3.6. The Final Inspection A final inspection should only be completed once the construction on the building is finished, including all grading and drainage on the property. A final inspection is extremely thorough, sometimes taking hours to complete (depending on the size of the building) and is centered around making sure that the approved plans match the finished product. 2.3.7. Fire safety inspections  To protect against fires and other accidents, the inspector will assess fire safety measures such as sprinkler systems, smoke detectors, and fire alarms. The local fire department conducts these inspections.   Slide 5

2.4. Specialized & Other Types

  2.4.1. Pre-Purchase Inspections This is one of the most common types of building inspections, performed before a property is bought. A pre-purchase inspection involves a thorough examination of the property’s structure, systems, and overall condition. The goal is to identify any hidden issues like water damage, faulty wiring, or pest infestations before you finalize the purchase.   2.4.2. Pre-Sale or Vendor Inspections Just like buyers, sellers also benefit from inspections. A pre-sale or vendor inspection is performed before putting a house on the market. This allows the seller to identify and address any potential issues before listing the property. Fixing problems ahead of time can help avoid delays during the sales process and make your home more appealing to potential buyers.   2.4.3. Pest Inspections A pest inspection focuses specifically on identifying infestations, like termites, rodents, or wood-destroying insects. These pests can cause extensive damage to a home’s structure if not treated promptly. Pest inspections are often required when buying a home, especially in areas prone to certain pests.